Free speech is a key component of any democracy. It enables individuals to speak their minds, criticize the ruling class, and engage in free discussion without the threat of punishment. When individuals are allowed to exchange ideas, society reaps the benefits of creativity, new concepts, and improved comprehension.

Nonetheless, a recent study indicates that free speech is threatened in much of the world. More nations have experienced curbs on free speech in the last decade than have enjoyed enhanced freedom. Legal constraints and evolving social attitudes have made it increasingly difficult for individuals to voice alternate perspectives.

Study highlights Global attitudes on free speech

A 2024 worldwide survey called "Who In The World Supports Free Speech?" was conducted by The Future of Free Speech in partnership with UK-based YouGov.

The research compared opinions from individuals in 33 nations regarding free speech, criticism of the government, religion, minority rights, LGBTQ+ matters, and regulations of AI. The report indicates that although most people cherish free speech, others are concerned about its impact on national security and social harmony.

The report ranked countries based on how freely people can express their thoughts. The lowest-ranked countries are the following:

  1. Jordan – Jordan was ranked lowest at 54.30. The media outlets are under the control of the government, suppressing political dissent and criticism. Laws prohibiting criticism of the monarchy or the government are enforced rigorously.
  2. Malaysia – With a score of 55.39, Malaysia was at the bottom. Legislation such as the Sedition Act is employed to muzzle critics, including political rivals and journalists. The government manipulates media content and discourages opposition to the ruling party.
  3. Nigeria – Nigeria scored 56. Journalists are harassed, and legislation against online expression is employed to suppress dissent. Critical media outlets are occasionally closed.
  4. Indonesia – Indonesia has a score of 57 and has challenges to press freedom. The government employs defamation laws to silence journalists and activists. Religious and political sensitivities tend to limit open discussion.
  5. Pakistan – With 57 marks as well, Pakistan's relationship with free speech is complex. The nation has an active press, but criticizing the military, judiciary, or issues related to religion can result in litigation. Online material is closely monitored and censored.
  6. Kenya – Kenya received a score of 58. Journalists are harassed and legally penalized for critical reporting, particularly on influential politicians or the government. Online and offline freedoms are facing mounting pressure.
  7. Turkey – With a score of 58, Turkey has experienced growing censorship under President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan. The Disinformation Law is employed to muzzle opposition and censor content. Journalists and social media users are legally charged for posting opinions online.
  8. Tunisia – Tunisia scored 59. While the constitution of the country promises free speech, journalists experience harassment and censorship. Political dissent usually results in arrests.
  9. Lebanon – Lebanon scored 62. The country was previously famous for having open media, but it currently experiences heightened restrictions. Journalists are threatened when reporting on contentious topics such as corruption and politics.

Where does India stand?

India, the biggest democracy in the world, placed 24 among 33 countries for free speech. This means India is ranked the 10th lowest on the list. Although Indians in general are believers in free speech, 37% feel the government must inhibit criticism — a high number in the surveyed nations.

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