US state on high alert as rare mosquito-borne disease claims 1 in 3 lives

Health sector officials from Hampstead, New Hampshire, have reported that an adult has tragically succumbed to a mosquito-borne disease, specifically the eastern equine encephalitis (EEE) virus, which is carried by mosquitoes. The New Hampshire Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) stated that the individual was hospitalized after developing a severe central nervous system infection caused by this mosquito-borne disease and subsequently passed away. This serves as a somber reminder that while the EEE virus, a mosquito-borne disease, is rare, its consequences can be severe and, in some cases, fatal.

The department states, “The last reported human EEEV infection in New Hampshire was in 2014, when DHHS identified three human infections, including two fatalities.”

Health Risks and Symptoms Associated with Mosquito-Borne Disease

This newest case and fatality have increased worry among state leaders across New England concerning EEE, which they think is becoming more threatening due to climate change. Earlier this month, Massachusetts was confirmed to have its first human EEE case this year involving a man who was in his 80s. As a result, authorities have recommended avoiding outdoor activities in the evening known as voluntary outdoor curfew, shutting down park areas accessible to the public, and employing aerial as well as ground fogging activities in an attempt to control the mosquito population.

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention provide information that eastern equine alpha virus disease signs may include fever, headache, vomiting, diarrhoea, seizures, behaviour alterations, and drowsiness. It can also cause serious neurological disorders such as inflammation of the brain (encephalitis) and the membranes surrounding the spinal cord (meningitis).

About one-third of people infected by eastern equine encephalitis die, and those who survive often have long-term complications in the form of physical or mental disabilities. Individuals under 15 and individuals around 50 years of age and above are some of the most vulnerable individuals in society. Till date, there is no known cure for the virus or vaccines that can be used to treat it or prevent it. The ministry suggests using insect repellent, putting on protective clothing, and avoiding areas of standing water in and around homes. According to a Climate Central report published in 2023, the frequency of days favourable for mosquito breeding and activity known as ‘‘mosquito days’’ has risen in most of the U.S. within the past forty years mainly influenced by climate change.

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