Advances in genetic engineering have raised concerns about the potential for creating dangerous and contagious viruses, prompting calls for stronger safety measures worldwide.

Bhushan Patwardhan, a top advisor to the World Health Organization (WHO), emphasizes this need in his new book, which he co-authored with Indu Ramchandani, the former editor-in-chief of Encyclopaedia Britannica named, ‘Genome to Om.’

‘Genome to Om’

In the book, Patwardhan points out that the COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, serves as a reminder of the significant disruptions a virus can cause. 

He warns against the risks of biological warfare and bioterrorism, noting that it doesn’t take a “super-soldier virus” to create chaos, even naturally occurring diseases can be weaponized and spread.

While investigations into the origins of COVID-19 continue, Patwardhan highlights the need for robust biosafety protocols, particularly in light of concerns about possible lab leaks or accidental releases. 

As an advisor to the WHO’s Global Traditional Medicine Centre and chairman of the AYUSH Research and Development Task Force on COVID-19, he has been influential in integrating Ayurveda and alternative medicines during the pandemic.

What causes viruses to spread?

The book also discusses the rise of new diseases and the re-emergence of old ones. Factors such as global wildlife trade and changes in livestock farming can disrupt habitats and enable viruses to jump between species, leading to potential outbreaks like COVID-19. 

Patwardhan notes that diseases like HIV/AIDS, SARS, and Ebola pose new threats, while others like malaria and tuberculosis are resurfacing.

Public health measures have been effective to an extent, but some diseases have not been eradicated and are making a comeback. 

The authors express concern about antimicrobial resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics, which has led to drug-resistant bacteria that are harder to treat.

The concept of “financial toxicity” 

Additionally, the book tackles the concept of “financial toxicity” in healthcare. Patwardhan argues that people often find themselves overwhelmed by medical prescriptions and interventions, with childbirth and common ailments leading to excessive tests and specialist referrals. 

This focus on treating existing conditions neglects preventive care and the root causes of health issues, such as poverty and unhealthy lifestyles.

The high costs associated with this medical approach contribute to financial toxicity, forcing many into poverty due to out-of-pocket expenses and inadequate insurance coverage. Patwardhan’s insights call for a shift in focus towards prevention and holistic well-being rather than solely on treating illnesses.