As the national capital continues to battle poor air quality, health experts raised alarm bells on the broader impacts of pollution. While it causes evident respiratory and cardiovascular issues, doctors have now warned that air pollution can be a silent contributor to gaining weight and the rising rate of obesity, besides disturbing hormonal health.

The air quality on Friday morning in Delhi-NCR was seen in the 'very poor' category, and a blanket of smog had covered the entire region. According to the Central Pollution Control Board, the average air quality index stood at 371 at 7:15 a.m. In some areas, the AQI levels crossed 400, peaking at 426 in Jahangirpuri and 413 in Wazirpur.

How does pollution affect our metabolism?

According to Dr. Shailly Sharma, Senior Consultant and Associate Director at Cloudnine Hospital, air pollution that affects one's metabolism is directly linked to weight gain. “Air pollution causes metabolic disorders that can lead to weight gain. It can also cause inflammation, which contributes to obesity,” Dr. Sharma explained.

Pollution isn't just a hassle when it comes to breathing; it can also stop physical activity. As Sharma pointed out, the symptoms of coughing and shortness of breath can actually prevent exercise, thereby exacerbating weight gain. Meanwhile, air pollution has proven to increase insulin resistance-a condition where the body can't use insulin; this typically results in obesity.

Studies link air pollution to obesity and hormonal health

New research has highlighted the impact of long-term exposure to air pollutants such as particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide on systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders, both of which play a major role in weight gain and subsequently obesity. A study published in July by BMC Public Health revealed that pollution affects metabolic function through the impact it has on inflammation in fat tissue, increased oxidative stress, and even altered dietary habits.

When toxic air is inhaled, the immune function and pathways for respiration get disrupted. Markers of inflammation increase and oxidative stress also rises, further disturbing normal functioning in the body, including regulation of weight.

Dr. Vikas Mittal, who is a pulmonologist and director in CK Birla Hospital, added his views about how pollution might affect hormonal health, too. While studies indicate that air pollution can lead to metabolic issues like obesity, the exact mechanism remains unclear. “Air pollution can irritate the airways, triggering inflammation that leads to the secretion of inflammatory markers in the blood. This affects various organs, causing changes in hormone levels and boosting pro-inflammatory markers,” Dr. Mittal said.

This hormonal imbalance can contribute to more severe cholesterol counts, hypertensive blood pressure, and a heightened risk for diabetes – all critical components of metabolic syndrome. Moreover, long-term exposure to pollutants may cause hormonal imbalances that impact fertility and conception rates.

With worsening air quality throughout the capital, one must recognize the threats hidden within pollution. Not only will it cause immediate respiratory distress, but its long-term effects could influence weight, metabolism, and hormonal balance for the worse, creating an extensive impact. It is time that one acknowledges these risks to take measures in the interest of public health.